Improved understanding of petroleum migration history in the Hongche fault zone,northwestern Junggar Basin (northwest China): Constrained by vein-calcite fluid inclusions and trace elements   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jian Cao  Zhijun Jin  Wenxuan Hu  Yijie Zhang  Suping Yao  Xulong Wang  Yueqian Zhang  Yong Tang 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010

Calcite veins and cements occur widely in Carboniferous and Permian reservoirs of the Hongche fault zone, northwestern Junggar Basin in northwest China. The calcites were investigated by fluid inclusion and trace-element analyses, providing an improved understanding of the petroleum migration history. It is indicated that the Hongche fault behaved as a migration pathway before the Early Cretaceous, allowing two oil charges to migrate into the hanging-wall, fault-core and footwall reservoirs across the fault. Since the Late Cretaceous, the Hongche fault has been sealed. As a consequence, meteoric water flowed down only into the hanging-wall and fault-core reservoirs. The meteoric-water incursion is likely an important cause for degradation of reservoir oils. In contrast, the footwall reservoirs received gas charge (the third hydrocarbon event) following the Late Cretaceous. This helps explain the distribution of petroleum across the fault. This study provides an example of how a fault may evolve as pathway and seal over time, and how reservoir diagenetic minerals can provide clues to complex petroleum migration histories.  相似文献   

Experimental and computational validation and verification of the Stokes–Darcy and continuum pipe flow models for karst aquifers with dual porosity structure     

Xiaolong Hu  Xiaoming Wang  Max Gunzburger  Fei Hua  Yanzhao Cao 《水文研究》2012,26(13):2031-2040

In our previous study, we developed the Stokes–Darcy (SD) model was developed for flow in a karst aquifer with a conduit bedded in matrix, and the Beavers–Joseph (BJ) condition was used to describe the matrix–conduit interface. We also studied the mathematical well‐posedness of a coupled continuum pipe flow (CCPF) model as well as convergence rates of its finite element approximation. In this study, to compare the SD model with the CCPF model, we used numerical analyses to validate finite element discretisation methods for the two models. Using computational experiments, simulation codes implementing the finite element discretisations are then verified. Further model validation studies are based on the results of laboratory experiments. Comparing the results of computer simulations and experiments, we concluded that the SD model with the Beavers–Joseph interface condition is a valid model for conduit–matrix systems. On the other hand, the CCPF model with the value of the exchange parameter chosen within the range suggested in the literature perhaps does not result in good agreement with experimental observations. We then examined the sensitivity of the CCPF model with respect to the exchange parameter, concluding that, as has previously been noted, the model is highly sensitive for small values of the exchange parameter. However, for larger values, the model becomes less sensitive and, more important, also produces results that are in better agreement with experimental observations. This suggests that the CCPF model may also produce accurate simulation results, if one chooses larger values of the exchange parameter than those suggested in the literature. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Study on the negative bias temperature instability effect under dynamic stress     

马晓华  曹艳荣  郝跃 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(11)

This paper studies negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) under alternant and alternating current (AC) stress. Under alternant stress, the degradation smaller than that of single negative stress is obtained. The smaller degradation is resulted from the recovery of positive stress. There are two reasons for the recovery. One is the passivation of H dangling bonds, and another is the detrapping of charges trapped in the oxide. Under different frequencies of AC stress, the parameters all show regular degradation, and also smaller than that of the direct current stress. The higher the frequency is, the smaller the degradation becomes. As the negative stress time is too small under higher frequency, the deeper defects are hard to be filled in. Therefore, the detrapping of oxide charges is easy to occur under positive bias and the degradation is smaller with higher frequency.  相似文献   

奥陶系岩溶古地貌恢复及对气藏分布的控制作用——以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格东区41-33区块为例     

刘逍  王静  金大权  陈海涌  段新国  曹晶晶  刘正元 《矿物岩石》2019,39(3):95-110

苏东41-33区块位于鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起的北部南缘,长期沉积间断的风化壳不整合面形成复杂的岩溶古地貌,属苏里格气田东部奥陶系碳酸盐岩气藏的重要勘探区。研究基于钻井、测井、地震及生产动态资料分析,综合运用地球物理法、残厚法和印模法,优选本溪组顶9号煤层和马家沟组马五5灰岩为标志层,深入探讨古地貌单元的恢复依据和划分标准,精细恢复岩溶古地貌形态,并明确岩溶古地貌特征及其对气藏分布的影响。研究表明:苏东41-33区块整体处于二级地貌单元岩溶斜坡之上,奥陶系古风化壳上下地层厚度可划分出上薄下薄、上薄下厚、上厚下薄等5种组合类型,细分古坡地、残丘和沟槽3个三级地貌单元;古地貌总体趋势走向为北高南低,出露层位展布由马五4过渡到马五1。中南部发育连片残丘,北部见小型零星残丘,恢复厚度低于15m,残留厚度超过85m;北部发育2条侵蚀沟槽带,充填厚度大于20m,残留厚度小于45m;古坡地分布范围广泛,周围被古残丘与沟槽所分割,残留厚度介于45m^85m之间,恢复厚度大于10m。古地貌类型对风化壳气藏分布具有明显的控制作用,岩溶残丘及残丘边缘带的古坡地储层叠合厚度增大,溶蚀孔洞充填程度低,主力含气层保存完整且连通性较好,是寻找高产井的目标区,而岩溶古沟槽相对不利于天然气富集,所钻遇气井多为低产或无产能。  相似文献   

Chitosan extends the shelf-life of filleted tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during refrigerated storage   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rong Cao  Qi Liu  Bangzhong Yin  Biao Wu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2012,11(3):408-412

Shelf-life extension of aquatic products is of significant economical importance. To determine the potential effect of chitosan on the shelf-life of filleted tilapia, this study analyzed the bacterial community diversity in fresh and spoiled tilapia fillets stored at (4 ± 1)℃ and examined the antimicrobial activity of chitosan against relevant bacteria isolates. Results showed that Pseudomonas (20%) and Aeromonas (16%) were abundant in fresh tilapia fillets, whereas Pseudomonas (52%), Aeromonas (32%) and Staphylococcus (12%) were dominant in the spoiled samples. Chitosan showed wide-spectrum antibacterial activity against bacteria isolated from tilapia and 5.0 g L-1 chitosan was selected for application in preservation. We further determined the shelf-life of chitosan-treated, filleted tilapia stored at (4 ± 1)℃ based on microbiological, biochemical and sensory analyses. Results showed that the shelf-life of chitosan-treated, filleted tilapia was extended to 12 d, whereas that of untreated, control samples was 6 d. These indicate that chitosan, as a natural preservative, has great application potential in the shelf-life extension of tilapia fillets.  相似文献   

A statistical framework of data fusion for spatial prediction of categorical variables   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Guofeng Cao  Eun-hye Yoo  Shaowen Wang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2014,28(7):1785-1799

With rapid advances of geospatial technologies, the amount of spatial data has been increasing exponentially over the past few decades. Usually collected by diverse source providers, the available spatial data tend to be fragmented by a large variety of data heterogeneities, which highlights the need of sound methods capable of efficiently fusing the diverse and incompatible spatial information. Within the context of spatial prediction of categorical variables, this paper describes a statistical framework for integrating and drawing inferences from a collection of spatially correlated variables while accounting for data heterogeneities and complex spatial dependencies. In this framework, we discuss the spatial prediction of categorical variables in the paradigm of latent random fields, and represent each spatial variable via spatial covariance functions, which define two-point similarities or dependencies of spatially correlated variables. The representation of spatial covariance functions derived from different spatial variables is independent of heterogeneous characteristics and can be combined in a straightforward fashion. Therefore it provides a unified and flexible representation of heterogeneous spatial variables in spatial analysis while accounting for complex spatial dependencies. We show that in the spatial prediction of categorical variables, the sought-after class occurrence probability at a target location can be formulated as a multinomial logistic function of spatial covariances of spatial variables between the target and sampled locations. Group least absolute shrinkage and selection operator is adopted for parameter estimation, which prevents the model from over-fitting, and simultaneously selects an optimal subset of important information (variables). Synthetic and real case studies are provided to illustrate the introduced concepts, and showcase the advantages of the proposed statistical framework.  相似文献   

Relative pollen productivities of typical steppe species in northern China and their potential in past vegetation reconstruction     

XU QingHai  CAO XianYong  TIAN Fang  ZHANG ShengRui  LI YueCong  LI ManYue  LI Jie  LIU YaoLiang  LIANG Jian 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(6):1254-1266

The Relative Pollen Productivities(RPPs)of common steppe species are estimated using Extended R-value(ERV)model based on pollen analysis and vegetation survey of 30 surface soil samples from typical steppe area of northern China.Artemisia,Chenopodiaceae,Poaceae,Cyperaceae,and Asteraceae are the dominant pollen types in pollen assemblages,reflecting the typical steppe communities well.The five dominant pollen types and six common types(Thalictrum,Iridaceae,Potentilla,Ephedra,Brassicaceae,and Ulmus)have strong wind transport abilities;the estimated Relevant Source Area of Pollen(RSAP)is ca.1000 m when the sediment basin radius is set at 0.5 m.Ulmus,Artemisia,Brassicaceae,Chenopodiaceae,and Thalictrum have relative high RPPs;Poaceae,Cyperaceae,Potentilla,and Ephedra pollen have moderate RPPs;Asteraceae and Iridaceae have low RPPs.The reliability test of RPPs revealed that most of the RPPs are reliable in past vegetation reconstruction.However,the RPPs of Asteraceae and Iridaceae are obviously underestimated,and those of Poaceae,Chenopodiaceae,and Ephedra are either slightly underestimated or slightly overestimated,suggesting that those RPPs should be considered with caution.These RPPs were applied to estimating plant abundances for two fossil pollen spectra(from the Lake Bayanchagan and Lake Haoluku)covering the Holocene in typical steppe area,using the"Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites"(REVEALS)model.The RPPs-based vegetation reconstruction revealed that meadow-steppe dominated by Poaceae,Cyperaceae,and Artemisia plants flourished in this area before 6500–5600 cal yr BP,and then was replaced by present typical steppe.  相似文献   

Inversion of two-dimensional tidal open boundary conditions of M<Subscript>2</Subscript> constituent in the Bohai and Yellow Seas     

曹安州  郭筝  吕咸青 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(5):868-875

Two-dimensional tidal open boundary conditions of the M2 constituent in the Bohai and Yellow Seas(BYS) have been estimated by assimilating T/P altimeter data.During inversion,independent point(IP) strategy was used,in which several IPs on the open boundary is assumed,values at these IPs can be optimized with an adjoint method,and those at other grid points are determined by linearly interpolating the values at IPs.The reasonability and feasibility of the model are tested by ideal twin experiments.In the practical experiment(PE) after assimilation,the cost function may reach 1% or less of its initial value.Mean absolute errors in amplitude and phase can be less than 5 cm and 5°,respectively,and the obtained co-chart can show the character of the M2 constituent in the BYS.The results of the PE indicate that using only two IPs on the open boundary can yield better simulated results.  相似文献   

Energy dissipation through wind-generated breaking waves     

张书文  曹瑞雪  谢玲玲 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(5):822-825

Wave breaking is an important process that controls turbulence properties and fluxes of heat and mass in the upper oceanic layer.A model is described for energy dissipation per unit area at the ocean surface attributed to wind-generated breaking waves,in terms of ratio of energy dissipation to energy input,windgenerated wave spectrum,and wave growth rate.Also advanced is a vertical distribution model of turbulent kinetic energy,based on an exponential distribution method.The result shows that energy dissipation rate depends heavily on wind speed and sea state.Our results agree well with predictions of previous works.  相似文献   

Changing spatial and structural patterns of non-agricultural activities in outward-moving Beijing urban fringe     

Guangzhong Cao  Tao Liu  Hui Liu  Yangbing Miao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(6):718-729

As responses to metropolitan suburbanization and rural urbanization,the formation and evolution of urban fringes should be understood against the background of overall economic development and spatial reconstruction of entire metropolises.At the same time,however,endogenous interactions between industrial structure and spatial patterns of non-agricultural activities are also worthy of scholarly attention.Since the 1980s,studies on urban fringes in China have been restricted by the lack of micro-level data.This paper investigates the spatial expansion and structural evolution of the urban fringe by taking the case of Beijing and uses systematic firm-level data in 1996 and 2001 from the National Census of Basic Units.The diversity of distribution patterns across industrial sectors brings about two interrelated results.On the one hand,structural adjustment of non-agricultural industries promotes the expansion and spatial evolution of the urban fringe.On the other hand,the stability and dynamics of industrial structure coexist in the moving urban fringe.This study also reveals that the outward-moving urban fringe is the optimal location for manufacturing,especially heavy manufacturing,as well as traditional producer and consumer services.However,industries with spatial stickiness such as tourism and sports have not moved with the fringe.Most advanced services remain concentrated in the city center.The authors argue that it is essential for understanding and managing urban fringes to take into account spatial evolution and industrial structural adjustment together with their interaction with each other.  相似文献